This article reproduces the development history of energy storage by combing through the energy storage industry, energy storage policies, energy storage products, energy storage enterprises, and energy storage applications. In 2020, the government’s willingness to promote the development of energy storage will be stronger. Whether energy storage can usher in development opportunities requires facing the problems faced by energy storage in order to clear the bottleneck restricting the development of energy storage.
1. The way to extract new energy is energy storage
With the explosion of available energy sources such as coal, oil and water power brought about by the Industrial Revolution, it has rescued mankind from poverty, hunger, disease, illiteracy and drought. This change first occurred in the West and quickly spread to all parts of the world, and the next leap in the real well-being of mankind is the end of global poverty and universal abundance, and its moral benefits. This leap will depend on the progress of energy technology. Our initial understanding of energy originated from fire, water, and wind. With the progress of the times, coal, oil, and gas have been discovered, and they have been invented and manufactured under the continuous development of science. Energy such as light energy, heat energy, electric energy, and chemical industry. The continuous discovery and transformation of energy directly affects the survival of mankind and the progress of society.
There are many companies engaged in energy storage, such as Ningde Times New Energy Technology Co., Ltd., BYD Co., Ltd., Shenzhen Kelu Electronic Technology Co., Ltd., etc.
In the era of 5G, everything is connected. The core supporting the 5G era is technology; the core advantage of technology is manufacturing; the core of manufacturing is energy; without energy as support, technology cannot move forward, so the most fundamental is energy. And these energy sources are also the arrival of the era of energy storage, the opportunities for energy storage and the popularization of energy storage. There are two breakthroughs for energy storage in the future, one is technology, and the other is market demand.
Whether solar energy, wind energy, or nuclear power are all sources of energy. In our traditional consciousness, many energy sources in the world can be stored, and the only thing that cannot be stored is electricity. Now electricity can be stored, and it is high-power storage. We continue to use electricity in electric vehicles. In Qinghai, in Tibet, and in Africa, where these infrastructures are imperfect and require a large amount of investment in infrastructure power grids, we can directly use energy storage, so the market applications of energy storage should be unlimited.
2. The future application potential of energy storage is huge
Traditional energy has brought us light and warmth, but these traditional energy have also brought a lot of pollution to our living space. With the changes in people’s lifestyles and the yearning for Tianyuan Jingmei, many coal companies have also embarked on the new energy transition of “green energy”, and a variety of new energy sources have gradually emerged, such as our application to travel New energy sources on the market include lithium iron phosphate batteries, ternary lithium batteries, hydrogen fuel cells, natural gas, methanol, and so on.
Time flies, bringing us instantly to the era of Internet life and new energy. The use and utilization of energy are more closely related to our clothing, food, shelter and transportation, and are inseparable. From abroad to domestic, from cities to rural areas, from seeing and hearing to using, new energy is constantly influencing and changing our way of life. New energy is the ladder of human progress. Just as we used to travel by bicycle, then by train, car, airplane, ship, and even realizing our aerospace dream.
In ancient times more than 1,000 years ago, the average life expectancy of human beings was more than 30 years old. Today, China can reach more than 70 years old. The mortality rate has been continuously reduced from the original high digits. This has played a vital role in the continuous development of energy.
Per capita energy allocation, occupation and consumption rate in developed countries are very high. From the relatively developed United States, Japan and Europe I have visited, I also went to the relatively poor Africa, India, and the Middle East to learn more about their application of new energy. The energy utilization and use efficiency of developed countries far exceeds that of China. , And Africa and some Middle Eastern countries are far inferior to ours.
3. Green energy leads the future
Countries with higher energy utilization rates are more developed countries, and they regard energy as the foundation for supporting the entire economy. Datong is striving to be the “vanguard” of the province’s new energy revolution. It is precisely because it has seen the fundamentals of economic development that Datong will use this “east wind” to root the new energy industry here and do a little bit of practical work for Datong’s energy transformation.
In the future, it will become a trend for multiple energy sources to replace traditional energy sources. With the rapid development of new energy, multiple industries go hand in hand, and green energy has become the future leader. The balancing effect of energy storage technology effectively regulates the deficiencies in the utilization of new energy and greatly improves the consumption level of new energy.
So there is no doubt that the energy storage market is unlimited. I believe that green new energy must be a tool to carry us forward.
4. Datong’s new energy industry layout must consider energy storage
The development of any place does not happen overnight. Just 40 years ago, Shenzhen was a tidal flat, and Shenzhen back then was unknown. And we in Shanxi have treasures, coal, and resources.
We live in an era of peace and tranquility. New energy manufacturing and new energy travel will gradually become the norm of life. New energy industries such as solar energy and hydrogen energy, if rooted in Datong, will not only bring a better life to the people here, but also enhance Datong’s original cultural confidence.
Convenient, fast, safe, and assured, new energy will benefit the people.
Datong’s industry is being re-arranged, and this layout is inseparable from manufacturing and energy storage. Datong has geographical advantages, but its talent pool is relatively insufficient and its industrial structure is relatively single. But this is just like stocks, waiting for the daily limit after a long pause. The reform of new energy can not only change Datong, China, but also the world, and energy storage will open up the future of our new energy transformation and upgrading in Datong!
5. Global background of energy internet development
Energy is an important cornerstone of human survival and development, and the driving force and foundation for social and economic operations. Every industrial revolution is inseparable from the innovation of energy types and usage methods, and promotes the development and progress of human society.
At present, the third industrial revolution is taking place around the world, and the energy Internet is one of the cores of the third industrial revolution and the future development direction of the energy industry. The third industrial revolution promoted the development of the Energy Internet. The Energy Internet will fundamentally change the reliance on traditional energy utilization modes and promote the transformation of traditional industries into emerging industries based on renewable energy and information networks.
Energy Internet is a complex multi-network flow system formed by the power system as the core, the Internet and other cutting-edge information technologies, distributed renewable energy as the main primary energy, and closely coupled with traditional energy networks, transportation networks and other systems. .
The energy type of the traditional energy network is mainly fossil energy, while the energy Internet is based on clean energy; the traditional energy network is difficult to absorb clean energy, and the energy Internet supports a high proportion of renewable energy grid-connected operation; the traditional energy network The energy flow direction is a one-way process, while the energy Internet is a two-way flow and energy sharing; the grid form of the traditional energy network is a large grid, while the energy Internet is a large grid + micro grid; the transaction form of the traditional energy network is power monopoly, and energy The Internet is a market-based transaction, PPP model.
Energy Internet industry investment nodes include energy storage systems, electric vehicles and charging piles, demand-side power management, distributed/centralized energy, fuel cells, power sales and power transactions, microgrids, new energy, smart grid technology, and energy Data, Internet finance, etc. According to Essence Securities’ analysis, the amount of electricity sales on the user side in my country is about 2.5 trillion yuan, plus construction investment, the energy Internet market is at least 5 trillion yuan. According to Accenture’s forecast, by 2020, the total market size of China’s Energy Internet will exceed US$940 billion, equivalent to 7% of GDP by then. Accenture predicts that by 2030, the added value of China’s renewable energy industry chain, energy management and energy efficiency improvement industry chain will reach 12.3 trillion.
6. Development environment of energy storage industry at home and abroad
Bill Gates, Jack Ma, Jeff Bezos, Pan Shiyi, Sun Zhengyi, India’s richest man Mukesh Ambani and other sponsors of the international “Breakthrough Energy Venture Capital Fund” were announced. The total net assets of the members of the board of directors is about 170 billion US dollars, the fund size is 1 billion US dollars, and the fund duration is 20 years. Investment includes clean energy technologies, including power generation, energy storage, transportation, industrial system applications, and energy system efficiency optimization.
In addition, Tesla has become a pioneer in the fields of photovoltaics, household energy storage, and new energy vehicles; BYD has a comprehensive layout in the fields of photovoltaics, energy storage, and new energy vehicles; General Electric has created an industrial Internet infrastructure and an energy Internet trading platform ; Facebook spends 500 million US dollars to build an all-wind power data center; Google plans that all electricity will come from clean energy in 2017; Apple implements a clean energy plan for core suppliers worldwide.
In recent years, the state has issued a series of policies to support the development of the Energy Internet.
In December 2015, the “Implementation Opinions on Promoting the Reform of the Electricity Sales Side” clearly stated that the electricity sales business should be gradually opened to social capital, and the electricity sales side market entities should be cultivated through multiple channels, and the market’s decisive role in resource allocation should be fully utilized to establish a standardized Market-oriented trading mechanism for the purchase and sale of electricity. Safe, efficient, clean and low-carbon direction, play a market-oriented role.
In February 2016, the “Guiding Opinions on Promoting the Development of “Internet +” Smart Energy” pointed out that efforts should be made to promote the pilot and demonstration work of the Energy Internet: a batch of pilot demonstration projects of different types and scales should be established. Conquer a number of major key technologies and core equipment, and the energy Internet technology has reached the international advanced level. Initially establish an energy internet market mechanism and market system. The energy Internet technology standard system has been initially established, and a number of key technical specifications and standards have been formed.
In July 2016, the “Implementation Opinions on Promoting the Construction of Multi-energy Complementary and Integrated Optimization Demonstration Projects” pointed out that by 2020, the proportion of newly-built industrial parks in various provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) using terminal integrated integrated energy supply systems will reach about 50%. The proportion of existing industrial parks implementing comprehensive cascade utilization and transformation of energy reaches about 30%. The curtailment rate of the national wind-solar, hydro-fired, multi-energy complementary demonstration project is controlled within 5%, and the curtailment rate is controlled within 3%.
In October 2017, the “Guiding Opinions on Promoting the Development of Energy Storage Technology and Industry” pointed out that during the “13th Five-Year Plan” period, a batch of pilot demonstration projects with different technology types and different application scenarios will be established; a batch of major key technologies and The core equipment and main energy storage technologies have reached the international advanced level; the energy storage technology standard system has been initially established, and a number of key technical specifications and standards have been formed; a number of marketable business models have been explored; a number of competitive market players have been cultivated. The development of the energy storage industry has entered the initial stage of commercialization, and the key role of energy storage in the transformation of the energy system has initially appeared.
7. National Energy Internet Industry Development Route
From 2015 to 2018, my country focused on promoting energy Internet pilot demonstration work, building distributed + user-side energy storage + energy routers, and strengthening energy sales + demand-side management. Complete pilot demonstration projects, conquer key technologies and core equipment, initially establish a market mechanism system, initially establish a technical standard system, catalyze the creation of emerging business formats such as energy finance and services, cultivate emerging market entities, and explore sustainable development models.
From 2019 to 2025, focus on promoting the diversified and large-scale development of the Energy Internet. Build smart power distribution, intermediate energy Internet. The initial establishment of an industrial system has become an important driving force for economic growth, a relatively complete market mechanism and market system, a relatively complete technology and standard system, and an open and shared energy Internet ecological environment. The former is the fund investment period and the latter is the fund withdrawal period. The duration of the fund perfectly matches the development strategy of the National Energy Internet.
8. Energy storage layout of listed companies
Xinwangda invested 100 million yuan to set up an energy storage company, 120 million yuan to establish an electric vehicle subsidiary, and nearly 400 million yuan to build a 50MW photovoltaic power station, and won the national “Smart Grid Technology and Equipment” key special project.
Zhongheng Electric invested nearly 700 million yuan to build an energy Internet cloud platform, 60 million yuan to build an Energy Internet Research Institute, and cooperated with Narada Power to develop user-side energy storage power stations.
Kelu Electronics will increase more than 2 billion yuan for energy Internet projects, acquire part of Beijing Guoneng Battery, deploy energy storage business, participate in Shenzhen Electric Power Sales Company, and enter the field of electricity sales.
Jicheng Electronics launched the “Shandong Smart Energy Public Cloud Platform”, signed microgrid cooperation agreements with Shandong and Xinjiang, established a new energy guidance fund to invest in the energy Internet field, participated in Huijie Power, and entered the field of electricity sales. Narada Power intends to invest in the construction of an energy Internet platform in Zhenjiang New District, deploy energy storage, and prepare for the establishment of an energy Internet operating company.
Sungrow cooperated with Alibaba Cloud to build an intelligent operation and maintenance platform for photovoltaic power plants, and cooperated with Samsung SDI to establish Samsung Sunshine’s energy storage business, and invested 100 million yuan to establish Sungrow Electric Power Technology Co., Ltd.
Linyang Energy overweights distributed photovoltaics and launches a comprehensive strategic cooperation with Neusoft Group in the development, operation, promotion, and service of related cloud platforms in the energy Internet field.
9. Major global energy storage markets
Europe mostly provides household energy storage, small industrial and commercial energy storage, and electric auxiliary services; Australia mostly provides microgrid, household energy storage, small industrial and commercial energy storage, and electric auxiliary services; the United States mostly provides electric auxiliary services, small industrial and commercial energy storage, and household energy storage , Microgrid energy storage; China mostly provides microgrid and power auxiliary services.
For the Australian energy storage project, at the end of 2016, rooftop solar system installations exceeded 1.5 million households, with an installed capacity of over 5.7GW. The government subsidy contract for 300,000 households in New South Wales expired in 2016. The cumulative photovoltaic installation capacity has continued to increase.
China’s National Wind and Solar Storage and Transmission Demonstration Project, located in Zhangbei County and Shangyi County, Zhangjiakou City, has a planned land area of more than 7,000 mu. It is a large-scale renewable energy project integrating wind power, photovoltaic power generation, energy storage and power transmission. Currently, the second phase is under construction. It is the six configuration operating modes of wind, photovoltaic, wind + solar, wind + storage, solar + storage, wind + solar + storage. The joint power generation control system can perform panoramic detection and intelligent optimization of wind farms, photovoltaic power stations, energy storage systems and substations according to dispatch plans, wind energy forecasts and light forecasts, and realize automatic configuration and seamless switching of operation modes for wind and solar storage systems .
Golmud 50MWp new energy photovoltaic power station is located in the east exit photovoltaic power generation park of Golmud, Qinghai. It is about 20 kilometers east of Golmud city center and 1 kilometers south of National Highway 109. The site covers an area of 1.13 square kilometers with an average altitude of 2,800 meters-2900. Meters, solar energy resources are extremely rich.
The total annual sunshine hours of Golmud City is 3061.1 hours, and the total annual solar radiation is about 6788MJ/m. It is one of the regions with better solar radiation resources in Qinghai Province and is very suitable for the construction of photovoltaic power plants. The scale of the project mainly includes 1 photovoltaic power station, 1 energy storage power station, and 1 35KV switch station.
Golmud 50MW new energy solar power station, 15MW/ 18MAWh lithium iron phosphate battery energy storage system is composed of 5 3MW/3.6MWh energy storage units, and each energy storage unit is composed of 6 500KW/600KWh energy storage units. The main function is to smooth photovoltaic power output, track and count output, reduce waste of light, and improve the quality of photovoltaic grid-connected power.
Ruineng Shijingshan Power Plant’s battery energy storage frequency modulation application demonstration, Beijing Shijingshan Thermal Power Plant has four 220MW thermal power units with a total installed capacity of 880MW. On September 16, 2013, a 2MW/500KWh lithium-ion battery energy storage system was installed in Unit 3. This project is the world’s first demonstration project of applying MW-level energy storage technology to AGC frequency modulation for thermal power generation. 100KW modules are connected in parallel to form 2MW, which are uniformly connected to the 380V AC bus, and then connected to the grid through a booster. The unit and the energy storage system work well together, greatly improving the AGC performance index. The single-day KP value has increased from an average of about 2.8 to an average of about 4.6, up to a maximum of 5.0, and the compensation cost has been greatly improved.
10. The characteristics of power storage and its typical effects on power systems
For the power generation side, power storage can smooth the power output, track planned output, and realize the “peak shaving and valley filling” of power; for the transmission side, power storage can delay investment in transmission equipment, improve power quality, and improve system reliability To maintain the stability of the transmission grid voltage; for the distribution side, power storage can delay peak load demand, delay network upgrades and expansion, deal with faults, and ensure stable power supply; for the energy use side, auxiliary distribution can be achieved Power access, respond to peak load demand, narrow the peak-valley difference, promote power quality adjustment and improvement, and act as a UPS/EPS power supply.
The significance and function of large-scale energy storage is that the energy storage system can be used to smooth wind power fluctuations, track planned output curves, and improve grid safety, reliability and power quality (provide emergency power to reduce losses caused by various transient power quality problems) , Reduce the peak-valley difference of wind power (grid companies can obtain more peak load income while reducing the peak load and relieve the pressure of power supply).
11. Energy storage products and applications
Energy storage products include military and emergency equipment such as portable emergency power supplies, military start-up power supplies, small generator integrated power supplies, household solar energy storage systems, small commercial energy storage systems and other household and industrial and commercial applications, smart grid applications, distributed and microgrids Applications, train regenerative braking applications and other container energy storage system applications, DC chargers, AC chargers, new energy vehicle charging piles.
Military and disaster relief emergency power supply applications: portable emergency power supplies are mainly used in field combat communication equipment, lighting backup power supplies, earthquake relief, field first aid, medical first aid, adventure equipment power supply, and household backup power supplies. Military starting power supply is mainly used for small size and high safety, which can be used for high frequency and low temperature (-40℃) start of tanks, aircrafts, and armored vehicles. The main application of small generator integrated power supply is the combination of engine and battery automation. It can be equipped with ground DC power supply for armor, tanks, aircraft, etc., to meet the support tasks of equipment field ground start, power supply inspection, and maintenance.
Home application: The solution of household optical energy storage system should be used for independent off-grid and grid-connected domestic electricity and online electricity sales, small factories, greenhouses, remote small islands, outposts and other military and civilian domestic electricity.
Smart grid application: The containerized large-scale energy storage system solution has the advantages of high power, large capacity, wide operating temperature range, modular design, and easy maintenance. Mainly used in large-scale wind farms, photovoltaic power plants abandoning wind and solar power, power grid peak and frequency regulation, to maintain the smooth operation of the power grid, large industrial parks to cut peaks and fill valleys, staggered peak capacity expansion, smooth output, stabilize load (to delay power grid investment), and improve Power Quality.
12. Energy storage products and applications (2)
Industrial and commercial applications: Small commercial energy storage system solutions are mainly used in emergency energy storage and energy saving in small industrial parks/commercial buildings, and energy storage and output in commercial charging stations.
Distributed and microgrid applications: The microgrid solution is mainly composed of distributed energy, energy storage devices, loads, control and monitoring systems. Based on the key technologies of the Internet of Things, distributed power generation units, power networks and end users are directly connected in a local area. Together, it is easy to optimize the structure configuration and power dispatch, so that distributed generation can be applied to the power system and play its maximum potential, with the advantages of environmental protection, safety, energy saving and intelligent control.
Train regenerative braking application: when the train is braking downhill, the kinetic energy and potential energy during braking will be converted into electrical energy, and the contact network will be fed back, so that the electrical power will be stored or sent away through the grid to achieve braking and transfer energy It can be recycled and reused. The application of the energy storage system is to convert braking energy into electric energy and recover it into the battery medium. When there is a train in the power supply section that needs to take current, the stored electric energy is released, thereby saving electricity costs. However, in application, the regenerative feedback voltage must be higher than the DC traction grid voltage; the regenerative braking energy can be absorbed and utilized by the auxiliary equipment of the train, and can also be used by adjacent trains. The application advantage lies in the advanced and high-performance control loop of the energy storage system, which can quickly start the charging and discharging device to charge and discharge the traction network after real-time detection of the network voltage fluctuation of the traction network reaches the set conditions.
13. Energy storage application examples (1)
The yaw motor backup power supply project for offshore units is located in the southeast coast of China, with an energy storage capacity of 165KWh and an energy storage power of 250kw. It is the first pilot, demonstrative, and landmark project for the centralized and contiguous large-scale development of offshore wind power launched by a province in the southeast coast. It is also the first high-power offshore wind power prototype and offshore operation test project in China. This project is equipped with a set of lithium battery energy storage system for the offshore wind farm MYSE5.5 offshore wind turbine, used to provide backup power for the yaw system of the unit during typhoon, ensure the normal operation of the yaw system, and improve the disaster resistance of the wind turbine; during non-typhoon, Through the charge and discharge control of the energy storage system, the grid-connected power adjustment of the wind turbine is realized, and the grid-connected power of the unit is increased. The energy storage system is connected to the AC 400V side voltage side of the wind turbine’s own power transformer. In grid-connected mode, energy storage absorbs power from the grid. When energy storage is required to enter the backup power operation mode, the energy storage is completely isolated from the external power grid and forms an isolated grid operation mode with the self-consumption equipment of the wind turbine.
14. Energy storage application examples (2)
The user-side lithium battery energy storage demonstration project has an energy storage capacity of 4Wh and an energy storage power of 1MW. Built in an industrial park in Dongguan, it is mainly used for peak shaving and valley filling. The energy storage equipment is installed in the container energy storage power station and connected to the low voltage side of the transformer. The content of the project includes the design of energy storage station, energy storage battery, battery management system, two-way converter, grid-connected access equipment, energy management system, remote monitoring management system, container HVAC equipment, fire fighting equipment, video equipment, etc. Procurement, installation, commissioning and handover.
The national key scientific research project is located in a city in northwestern China. The installed photovoltaic capacity is 15MWp, the energy storage is 6MWh, and the wind turbine is 10MW. The energy storage includes lead carbon, lithium iron phosphate, and lithium titanate. The project site covers an area of about 0.4 square kilometers and the investment amount is about 190 million yuan. The construction scale of the project is the company’s newly built 15 MW distributed photovoltaic power station with 6 MW energy storage system; access to the 10 MW wind power generation system of the wind farm in the area where the project is located, supporting 4 MW mobile energy storage system. The estimated construction period of the project is 6 months. The project covers the comprehensive integration demonstration project of the virtual power plant (VPP) of conventional power generation, wind and solar power generation, power distribution, electricity consumption, grid-level energy storage, and realizes the comprehensive testing, experiment and demonstration of technologies in multiple fields of smart grid, with key breakthroughs Technical problems such as equipment interconnection, autonomous balance, and economic dispatch in the field of power grid energy form an overall display of the basic unit form of the future energy Internet, which is of exemplary significance.
The wind and diesel storage micro-grid system is located on an island in China, with installed wind turbine capacity of 2.5MWp, energy storage of 1.5MWh, biomass power generation of 1MWh, and diesel engine of 1.2MW. It is a national basic scientific research project. Due to the remote location of the project and the huge investment in power grid construction, it is necessary to use micro-grid technology to build a low-cost off-grid seawater desalination equipment power supply system. The project uses 2.5MW wind turbines, 1.5MWh lithium battery energy storage, 1.2MW diesel generators, and 1.5MW seawater desalination equipment to build a large-scale off-grid microgrid system with a voltage of 10kV. The use of economic dispatch technology with non-smooth cost function to convert wind energy into electrical energy, which can be used for 10,000-ton desalination equipment, can effectively ensure that people’s domestic water needs are met when there is no external power supply. At the same time, microgrid monitoring interactive visualization technology is used to achieve low Cost operation and maintenance.
The off-grid optical diesel storage microgrid system is located in a country in East Asia, with installed photovoltaic capacity of 150kWp, energy storage of 450kWh, and diesel engine of 100kW. After the project is completed, it will provide clean power supply for the enterprises in the park. The distributed photovoltaic installed capacity of the project is 150kW, the energy storage is 150kW×3h, the diesel generating unit is 100kW, and the electricity load is 100kW. The requirements for power supply reliability are very strict. In response to this user demand, the company team provides a complete set of microgrid EMS solutions with TEM-MG microgrid energy management software as the core, helping users to achieve seamless commissioning and retiring of diesel units and maximize Operational targets such as the use of renewable energy have been affirmed by users.
15. Analysis of the national energy storage market
Energy storage means energy storage, which refers to the cyclic process of storing one form of energy in the same form or converting it into another form of energy through a medium or device, and releasing it in a specific form of energy based on future applications. In a narrow sense, for the storage of electrical energy, energy storage refers to a series of technologies and measures that use chemical or physical methods to store the generated energy and release it when needed. Energy storage focuses on energy storage. With energy storage, new energy sources can be connected to the grid freely, wind turbines can be rotated at will without power restriction, the microgrid system makes communities safer, smart grids are no longer a concept, and energy interconnection will be easily realized. Energy storage is a key part of replacing fossil energy with new energy, and it is the fulcrum of the transformation of energy utilization.
my country’s energy storage 98.6% refers to pumped storage, and electrochemical energy storage accounts for only 1.3%. As of the end of 2017, the national installed capacity of power generation was 177 million kilowatts, and the national installed capacity of renewable energy power generation was 65 million kilowatts, accounting for 36.6%; the cumulative installed capacity of energy storage projects nationwide was 28.9 million kilowatts, accounting for 1.6% , The cumulative installed capacity of electrochemical energy storage has been put into operation across the country 389,800 kilowatts. In 2017, the power scale of my country’s newly commissioned energy storage projects was 121,000 kilowatts, a year-on-year growth rate of more than 15%. In 2017, the energy scale of my country’s new energy storage projects put into operation was 502,300 kWh, a year-on-year growth rate of more than 70%. In terms of regional distribution, various energy storage projects are mainly concentrated in East China, North China, South China and Northwest China. In 2017, the new domestic electrochemical energy storage technologies mainly include lithium batteries and lead batteries. Lithium electronics technology is mainly concentrated in auxiliary services and centralized new energy grid connection. In addition, in 2017, 59% of new domestic electrochemical energy storage applications were distributed on the user side.
16. Interpretation of policies related to energy storage development (1)
The industrialization of energy storage technology is conducive to promoting the large-scale application of non-fossil energy, and it is more conducive to promoting my country to take the lead in the new round of energy technology revolution and industrial transformation in the world, and enhance its international influence. To make the blueprint for energy transition and climate change a reality, the development of energy storage technology and industry must be accelerated. my country has made a long-term layout and planning for the development of energy storage, which has been gradually implemented at the policy and industrial level.
The “Twelfth Five-Year Plan” included energy storage as an advanced technology for promoting the construction of smart grids for the first time. The key content of the “13th Five-Year” energy storage technology plan is mainly to study the typical failure mechanisms of energy storage units and modules and their reverse analysis technology, as well as key technologies for the echelon utilization of power batteries, suitable for large-scale energy storage lithium-ion batteries, flow batteries, Compressed air energy storage technology, key materials and innovative structures to improve the service life of energy storage units, energy conversion efficiency, energy density, and safety performance, and key technologies to reduce the cost of energy storage units, modules, and systems.
17. Interpretation of policies related to energy storage development (2)
The goal of the “13th Five-Year” energy storage technology plan is to break through the key technologies of 100MW-class lithium-ion batteries, 10MW-class flow batteries and 10MW-class compressed air energy storage systems; master large-scale energy storage units and module technologies, and upgrade existing storage The level of energy research and development, manufacturing, and application meets the requirements of large-scale renewable energy consumption and distributed energy storage in the smart grid for energy storage technology economy, energy efficiency, safety, and reliability; establish large-scale energy storage systems The methods and standards of safety and failure analysis have significantly improved the comprehensive technical and economic efficiency of cascading batteries.
The development of domestic energy storage during the 13th Five-Year Plan period focuses on finding smart grids, smart virtual power plants, and multi-energy complementary solutions, and focusing on solving large-scale renewable energy delivery, smart electricity, and electric energy substitution (including electric vehicles) , High penetration rate of renewable energy access and other issues. The “Guiding Opinions on Promoting the Development of Energy Storage Industry and Technology” pointed out that it is necessary to promote the development and demonstration of energy storage technology and equipment, the application demonstration of energy storage to improve the level of renewable energy utilization, the application of energy storage to improve the flexibility and stability of the power system, and the improvement of energy storage. Demonstration of intelligent level of energy use and diversified applications of energy storage support the demonstration of energy Internet applications.
The “Work Plan for Improving the Compensation (Market) Mechanism for Power Auxiliary Services” further improved the auxiliary service mechanism. The plan clearly proposes to expand the main body of power auxiliary service providers as needed, encourage energy storage equipment and demand-side resources to participate in the provision of power auxiliary services, and allow third parties to participate in the provision of power auxiliary services. Introduced in March 2018
The “Guiding Opinions on Improving the Regulation Capability of Power Systems” proposes to promote the development and application of new energy storage technologies, focusing on innovation and promotion in electrochemical energy storage batteries and compressed air energy storage, and improve the conversion efficiency of new energy storage systems And service life. In terms of application and promotion, especially in areas with high peak and frequency modulation requirements and outstanding wind and solar curtailment, it is necessary to integrate the construction of the power system auxiliary service market to promote the construction of energy storage power stations and demonstration projects; by 2020, build a number of different technologies Pilot demonstration projects of different types and application scenarios, and encourage distributed energy storage applications.
The “Opinions on Innovation and Improvement of the Price Mechanism for Promoting Green Development” pointed out that the peak-to-valley price mechanism should be improved, the implementation of peak-to-valley prices should be strengthened, and price signals should be used to guide power peak reduction and valley filling; modern information, car networking and other technologies should be used to encourage electric Automobiles provide energy storage services and obtain benefits through the peak-to-valley price difference; improve the residential tiered electricity price system and implement the residential peak-to-valley price; the user-side peak-to-valley price difference and floating range provide good conditions for distributed energy storage to participate in the market.
18. Interpretation of policies related to energy storage development (3)
The Shanxi Energy Supervision Office issued the “Notice on Encouraging Electric Energy Storage to Participate in Shanxi’s Peak and Frequency Modulation Auxiliary Services”, which aims to improve the regulation performance of Shanxi’s power system, better absorb clean energy such as wind power and photovoltaics, and clarify that energy storage operators can To participate in ancillary services, the power grid directly or indirectly invests in electric energy storage facilities shall not participate; it can participate in peak shaving or frequency modulation in a joint or independent manner. The policy puts forward clear requirements for energy storage capacity and power, and it is necessary to strengthen the pilot management of electric energy storage projects and adhere to the simultaneous development of multiple energy storage technologies. At the same time, it is proposed that efforts should be made to provide policy and technical support for the independent market entry of electric energy storage, research and release relevant dispatching strategies and technical regulations to meet the independent grid connection of electric energy storage, and encourage the construction of independent power storage in existing places with access conditions. Electric energy storage peak and frequency modulation power station.
19. Difficulties facing the development of energy storage
The development opportunities and challenges of my country’s energy storage industry coexist, and there are many predictable and unpredictable risks and challenges that need to be addressed. At this stage, the system integration technology of energy storage technology in the grid-connected and grid-side applications of new energy power generation needs to be optimized, the project investment return period is long, the business model is unclear, and the standard system is not sound. Although the application in the power auxiliary service market and the user side It has the possibility of initial profitability, but the market space is narrow, the market mechanism has not been formed, and the application value of energy storage has not been reasonably compensated. The technical route, business model, and development path of China’s energy storage development are different from those of European and American countries. The biggest problem is that the prospects and speed of power system reform are uncertain. Therefore, it is necessary to establish and improve the institutional conditions directly related to the development of energy storage services, including clear development goals, continuous renewable energy incentive plans, construction of energy storage standard systems, and energy storage purchase incentive measures.
Another problem is the grid-side energy storage deadlock. Previously, the grid-side energy storage used a leasing model. The key to this model is that the grid company has taken on the bottom line. Because of this, the power grid wants to classify energy storage assets as transmission and distribution assets, and to channel investment income by re-determining transmission and distribution prices. As the country denies that energy storage is included in the transmission and distribution price and the lease system, for grid companies, the previous lease model is equivalent to large-scale investment in power stations at the expense of their own interests, which obviously affects the enthusiasm of the grid. This requires the formulation of new policies to prevent grid companies from being both athletes and referees in the development of energy storage, which is conducive to the transparency of energy storage pricing mechanisms and forces the formation of a fully competitive market.
In addition, due to two consecutive rounds of general industrial and commercial electricity prices falling sharply by 20%, the peak-to-valley price difference arbitrage space has been further reduced. Residents can voluntarily choose to implement peak-to-valley tariffs or step-by-step tariffs, but they are limited by small domestic electricity consumption and flexible electricity usage habits. Restricted by small factors, residential household energy storage does not have the conditions for large-scale promotion. If energy storage is combined with new energy sources such as photovoltaics, energy utilization efficiency can be improved. Therefore, the combination of energy storage + new energy has become an important development direction generally optimistic about the industry.
20. Analysis of my country’s current energy storage policy
my country’s energy storage policy is at an early stage, and the detailed implementation outline is not clear enough. The rapid development of photovoltaic, wind power and new energy vehicles in China is largely due to the promotion of subsidy policies. However, the policy is not enough to promote the development of the energy storage industry, and the effect of promoting the industrialization and engineering application of new energy storage is not obvious. The government should take multiple measures to support the development of the energy storage industry and technology. There are many means supported by the government, such as finance, taxation, prices, etc. It should also actively support energy storage to participate in market competition, combined with power market reforms, and actively encourage and promote energy storage to participate in market transactions in power generation, power grids and users, and use peak shaving. , Frequency modulation and other services, benefit from the joint operation of coal power, photovoltaic and wind power, and form prices through the market.
The development of the energy storage industry still needs policy support. How to tap more energy storage application value and improve the economics of energy storage projects is the focus of the current development of the energy storage industry. At present, China has become the world’s largest power development and application market. China needs more advanced technology and innovation as support for further development, and makes new and greater contributions to coping with global climate change and realizing the transformation of energy structure. The domestic energy storage industry is still in its infancy, the industrial concentration is not very high, the investment in basic R&D and core technology is insufficient, and the detailed rules for cost advantages and industrial policy implementation are not very clear. This requires high-quality companies to make a forward-looking layout, as well as the concerted efforts of upstream and downstream enterprises in the entire industry chain and the strong support of government departments.
21. Typical cases and development direction of Shanxi energy storage (1)
Shanxi has done a lot of work in the construction of energy storage projects, and has done a lot of demonstration projects in the areas of new energy consumption and auxiliary frequency modulation. The key technology and engineering demonstration of 10MW lithium battery energy storage system is a key project of Shanxi Province’s key research and development plan. It is the country’s first government-approved “key technology and engineering demonstration of 10MW lithium battery energy storage system” project, focusing on the development of high-rate charging Discharge lithium battery energy storage system, research methods to reduce the cost of lithium battery energy storage system. The energy storage system built by this project is connected to the D5000 dispatching system of Shanxi Province to carry out the application and dispatching operation demonstration of the 10MW-class containerized lithium battery energy storage system. The 10MW-class energy storage system is planned to be connected to the wind farm to achieve complementary and coordinated operation with wind power. Wind power consumption capacity.
Shanxi Pingshuo Coal Gangue Power Generation Co., Ltd. 2×300MW generator set AGC energy storage auxiliary frequency modulation system project is the successful application of the largest lithium energy storage system in Shanxi so far on the source side. After the energy storage system is put into operation, it can greatly improve the AGC frequency modulation level of the generator set of Shuozhou Thermal Power Plant, making it one of the best frequency modulation power sources in Shanxi Power Grid. The construction scale of the energy storage AGC frequency modulation project of Shanxi Tongda Power Plant is 9MW/ 4.478MWh. The frequency modulation evaluation index of the original power plant is improved, which greatly improves the original AGC frequency modulation capability of the power plant unit, and can be carried every day during normal operation of the equipment The direct economic benefit is about 75,000 yuan.
To develop the energy storage industry in Shanxi, it is necessary to establish and improve the professional standard system and supply chain system for the energy storage industry, and break through the key issues such as safety, economy, and service life that restrict the promotion of the energy storage industry. Encourage the research and development of technologies and products with my country’s independent intellectual property rights, stimulate innovation vitality, and enhance the innovation capabilities and market competitiveness of enterprises. In response to the peak and frequency modulation demand mechanism of Shanxi Power Grid, it is necessary to vigorously develop the energy storage industry as the main regulated power source to improve the capacity of new energy consumption, and make efforts from three aspects: economic evaluation, coordination mechanism, and operation control strategy. In response to the rapid development of electric vehicles in service in Shanxi Province, it is necessary to build a “coal-electricity-vehicle” industrial chain, gradually deploy the power battery cascade utilization industry, develop an electric vehicle time-sharing lease business model, and vehicle network technology to achieve smart grid smart transportation network coordination . There are three modes for the development of electric vehicles, which are disordered charging mode, dispatchable charging mode, and dispatchable charging and discharging mode.
22. Views present typical cases and development direction of Shanxi energy storage (2)
Among them, 300,000 disorderly charging electric vehicles are connected to the unit combination model, and the dispatchable charging mode includes 100,000 disorderly charging electric vehicles and 200,000 dispatchable charging electric vehicles. The schedulable charging and discharging modes include sequential charging, schedulable charging, and schedulable charging and discharging 100,000 vehicles each. The participation of electric vehicles in dispatching enables operators to benefit more and reduce user charging costs, while significantly reducing system wind curtailment. On the one hand, electric vehicles shift the peak load of high electricity prices to the low electricity price segment during valleys. On the other hand, with the addition of schedulable charge-discharge electric vehicles, the participation of electric vehicles in dispatching enables operators to discharge to the grid during load peaks to gain benefits, and to charge users’ expected electricity at a lower price during valley hours, making the benefits more significant . In addition, in response to the energy transition in Shanxi Province and the development trend of the energy Internet, it is necessary to continuously develop and improve wind power, photovoltaic, energy storage, and coal chemical multi-energy coupling systems and related technologies to achieve zero waste of new energy and maximize coal chemical production capacity.
Shanxi City Power New Energy Co., Ltd. began to conduct research on the national, Shanxi, and Datong markets in March 2017, further researched the national energy storage market, introduced the listed company Shenzhen Kelu Electronic Technology Co., Ltd., and then focused on “storage storage” in Datong. Able to create research on the entire industry chain. Subsequently, the company intensively investigated the needs of the five largest coal companies in Shanxi, the “State Grid” and “Southern Grid”, and signed cooperation agreements with Jingneng, Coking Coal, Haiji, Kelu, and Keyi to further improve the overall design plan and create a new Industrial Distribution. City Power Group has branches in asset management, smart cloud technology, battery technology, energy storage technology, travel technology, hydrogen energy technology, etc. The business covers industrial funds, smart cities, intelligent transportation, power batteries, energy storage frequency modulation/peak shaving, New energy vehicles and infrastructure, hydrogen production, storage, and transportation. The main task of Shanxi Urban Power in 2019 is to target the Datong Photovoltaic Leading Plan, build a large-scale energy storage power station with solar power stations, four energy storage demonstration stations, and cooperate with Shanxi Coal Company to develop sub-products for the transformation of new energy in the coal industry. In response to the needs of the local user side in Datong, supporting the construction of the user side energy storage station. In addition, it is necessary to build a smart travel cloud platform, based on the vehicle cloud platform, with vehicle operation services as the core growth volume for development, and business extensions in the upstream and downstream of the entire industry chain, forming complementary driving and overall development effects, providing integration and process To achieve overall benefits.
23. Development trend of energy storage industry
With the rapid growth of the installed capacity of renewable energy, the problems of water abandonment, wind abandonment, and solar abandonment have become increasingly prominent. Energy storage is the most promising technology to solve these problems. On the road of energy transformation and development with the overall goal of cleanliness and low carbon, my country needs to develop new energy sources such as wind power and photovoltaic power generation. Energy storage has unique advantages in improving the flexibility, security, and stability of the grid, and improving the level of renewable energy consumption. The rapid development of the new energy power generation market has brought huge development opportunities for energy storage. Energy storage, as an important component and key supporting technology of smart grids, energy systems with a high proportion of renewable energy, and “Internet +” smart energy, its value has become increasingly prominent. In the current era when the world is advocating the vigorous development of clean energy, the development of energy storage technologies with higher energy density, longer cycle life, lower system costs, and better safety performance has become an important direction of research support programs in various countries. The breakthrough of energy storage technology and the acceleration of the global energy transition will bring tremendous pressure to the global oil and gas industry.
Energy storage is a necessary condition for effectively regulating the voltage, frequency and phase changes of the grid caused by renewable energy power generation, and promoting large-scale power generation of renewable energy and integrating it into the conventional power grid. The level of renewable energy development also determines the success or failure of the energy Internet. As countries pay more attention to R&D and application of energy storage technology, relevant core supporting technologies have made great progress. Compressed air energy storage technology, flow batteries, lithium-sulfur batteries and other technologies have been industrialized or close to industrialization; hydrogen fuel cells are the mainstream direction of fuel cells, and the scale of application is gradually expanding; heat storage technology is developing rapidly, and the degree of market attention needs to be increased. Driven by the rapid development of the renewable energy industry, the electric vehicle industry and the energy Internet industry, the energy storage industry is expected to show explosive growth; as the cost of renewable energy power storage continues to decrease, the scale of energy storage system application and technology costs will enter A new stage of virtuous cycle development; electric vehicle battery technology is expected to usher in a major breakthrough, and the market prospects are broad.
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